Rosa canina
Etymology
The dog rose (Rosa canina) has been used since Antiquity for its medicinal properties and nutritional value. Its common name, “dog rose,” comes from the ancient belief that its roots could cure rabid dog bites.
Habitat and Distribution
This wild rose is native to Europe and Western Asia and is the most widespread wild rose species in Europe. It thrives in plains, hedgerows, forest edges, roadsides, and up to 1600 m in elevation. Unlike other roses, it tolerates dry, stony, calcareous soils and avoids stagnant moisture or acidic soils.
Ecological Value
Its five-petaled, heart-shaped flowers range from pink to white and attract many pollinating insects. From October onwards, the bush produces rosehips – red, oval-shaped false fruits. The real fruits are the small seeds inside. Rosehips are a food source for birds, small rodents, and deer.
Culinary and Medicinal Value
Harvesting rosehips typically starts in October, once softened by frost. They can also be picked earlier, but the inner hairs can irritate mucous membranes (hence the nickname “itchy-butt” fruit in French slang). The pulp is edible and used in jams, jellies, floral waters, syrups, sauces, and beverages.
Rosa canina is rich in vitamins A, B1, B2, C, and K. Buds, petals, and fruits are used. The petals are suitable for lotions or tinctures to treat skin conditions. Dried flowers can be brewed into gentle laxative teas. Rosehips are especially high in vitamin C (in the skin) and used to prevent colds and flu. In dried form, they relieve sore throat and cough, and support digestion, urinary health, and joint pain. They are immune-boosting and can also be used in gemmotherapy.
Recipe for candied rosehips (in French)
Sources:
https://cueilleurs-sauvages.ch/blog/le-cynorhodon/