Medlar

Etymology
The scientific name comes from Latin mespilum, derived from Greek mespilon, likely from mesos (middle) and pilos (ball), referring to the round, central shape of the fruit.

Habitat and Distribution
The medlar belongs to the Rosaceae family. It’s a forgotten fruit tree native to Greece and the Caucasus region, cultivated in Persia as early as 1000 BC. It was introduced to Europe by the Romans. Today, it is found locally in hedgerows and forests. It is very hardy and undemanding in terms of soil, but it dislikes excess moisture and needs warmth to ripen its fruit.

Ecological Value
Its white flowers bloom from May to June, attracting bees and other pollinators. The green-yellow fruits, shaped like small apples, develop in October and have a flavor reminiscent of pear and fig. They are favored by blackbirds and other birds. At harvest time, the fruits are hard and astringent but come off the branch easily.

Culinary and Medicinal Value
Medlars must be "bletted" (softened by frost) before eating. Once soft, the skin wrinkles and the interior becomes a rich, spreadable paste with an apple-like scent. They spoil quickly, so should be eaten or processed soon after ripening. They can be made into jams, jellies, pies, savory dishes like roasted lamb with almond-stuffed medlars, cakes, or served with salad and goat cheese.
Medlars were traditionally eaten fresh in winter as an energy source. They are rich in potassium, beta-carotene, fiber (pectin), and vitamins A, B, and C, making them a nutritious, low-calorie fruit. They support cardiovascular health, act as antioxidants, and promote healthy digestion. Their soothing and anti-inflammatory effects also make them suitable for sensitive stomachs and joint pain.

Sources :

https://www.promessedefleurs.com/fruitiers/fruitiers-de-a-a-z/neflier-mespilus-germanica.html

https://www.jardindupicvert.com/fruitiers-et-petits-fruits/4685-neflier.html

https://www.passeportsante.net/fr/Nutrition/EncyclopedieAliments/Fiche.aspx?doc=nefle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mespilus_germanica